Tessida Swinges (1881-1970)-Part Two

Tessida Swinges was actually Tessida Schwinges of Brooklyn, New York. For some reason, Weird Tales misspelled her last name when it published her story, "A Mind in Shadow," in October 1925.

Tessida Schwinges had an interesting career. It's too bad we don't know more about her or that we don't have more of her writings. Her lone story for Weird Tales is the earliest evidence I have found that she was a writer. She was already forty-four years old when it was published.

Married to German-American businessman Clement Schwinges (1871-1934), Tessida attended evening classes at the City College of New York in the 1920s. She was a member of the Short Story Group at the college in 1929. Her instructor was poet Marjorie Prentiss Campbell (1882-1967), who was the daughter of a poet, Caroline Edwards Prentiss (1852-1940).

Tessida Schwinges served as president of the All Writers Club, a small group in Brooklyn, in 1929. Annie B. Kerr, later author of Clear Shining After Rain: About Americans Born Outside America (1941) and other books, was associated with that group. As early as 1933 and as late as 1950, Tessida was a member of the Blue Pencil Club, a literary society that I believe grew out of the National Amateur Press Association (NAPA). Her story "Forbidden Fruit" appeared in The Brooklynite, the journal of the local Blue Pencil Club, in March 1936. She had an article in the September or October issue of 1936 as well. In 1950, she won prizes for her prose and poetry. If there are archives of the Blue Pencil Club anywhere, maybe we could recover some of Tessida's works.

I found newspaper articles about the local Blue Pencil Club from 1933 and 1936. In addition to Tessida Schwinges, members of the club included James Morton and Rheinhart Kleiner, so she knew them both. And in that way, Tessida Schwinges is connected in a roundabout way to H.P. Lovecraft.

Rheinhart Kleiner (1892-1949) was a poet, amateur journalist, and correspondent of Lovecraft. Kleiner and Lovecraft became acquainted by mail in 1915. They met in person sometime after that, although they are supposed to have been out of touch with each other during the 1930s. Kleiner wrote several essays on his friend after Lovecraft's death in 1937.

James Ferdinand Morton, Jr. (1870-1941) was also a friend of Lovecraft. Morton was lots of other things, too, including an anarchist; an esperantist; an advocate of the single-tax system of Henry George; a member of NAPA, the Kalem Club, the Blue Pencil Club of Brooklyn, and the Bahá'í faith; and the curator of the Paterson Museum in Paterson, New Jersey. That museum is mentioned in Lovecraft's long short story "The Call of Cthulhu" (Weird Tales, Feb. 1928). After his death, Morton's widow, Pearl K. Morton, was elected vice-president of the local Blue Pencil Club. So, as a member of the club and attendee of its meetings, Tessida Schwinges knew the Mortons, as well as Kleiner. So was she ever in contact with Lovecraft? And if not, did she know of him? These are open questions.

As the wife of a native-born German, Tessida Schwinges was in a position to renounce "absolutely and forever all allegiance and fidelity" to the German Reich on April 22, 1933. This was just two months after the Nazi party had assumed power in Germany. She had previously claimed German citizenship, even if she was born in America. Even as early as April 1933, the United States must have recognized the threat of Nazism.

Sometime after her husband's death in 1934, Tessida became a lecturer and leader of groups for the Brooklyn Academy of Arts and Sciences, including on the topic of astronomy. She also served as head of the current events division at the academy. Tessida (Weczerzick) Schwinges died in August 1970 at age eighty-nine and was buried at Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.

I don't have a photograph of Tessida Schwinges, but I do of her husband. I think I would rather not show it, not because I have anything against him or his cause, but because a biography of a woman should be about her rather than of men. And yet I have written about him and two of her male associates, as well as about Lovecraft. (Do all things Weird Tales come back to him?) There is so much available about her husband because of his business activities, yet no one today knows of him. Maybe this becomes a principle, that some people work in the concerns of the day, while others--specifically artists--work in things that, at their best, do not know time. People in both groups are remembered. People in both are forgotten. We can only hope that works of art live on.

Tessida Schwinges' story in Weird Tales is a confessional. It opens with a boy confessing that he is a murderer. There is shock value in that kind of thing. Joyce Carol Oates realized that when she wrote Expensive People (1968). I read that book recently and was struck by the similarity. "A Mind in Shadow" also reminds me of the Alfred Hitchcock film Spellbound (1945).

Tessida Swinges' Story in Weird Tales
"A Mind in Shadow" (Oct. 1925)

 

Further Reading

A few newspaper articles, some of which have lists of writers associated with writing clubs.

Original text copyright 2025 Terence E. Hanley 

Tessida Swinges (1881-1970)-Part One

Tessida Catherine (Weczerzick) Schwinges 
Author, Poet, Lecturer, Group Leader
Born May 4, 1881, Hoboken, New Jersey
Died August 1970, presumably in Brooklyn, New York

Tessida Swinges, who wrote one story for Weird Tales, was actually Tessida Catherine (Weczerzick) Schwinges, daughter and wife of immigrants. She was born in May 4, 1881, in Hoboken, New Jersey, to Carl Weczerzick, an Austrian-born merchant or businessman, and Charlotte "Lottie" (Geisler) Weczerzik, who was born in Germany. Austria and Germany were of course shorthand terms for empires. I believe Weczerzick is a Czech name, but I'm not sure.

I don't know anything about the early life of Tessida Weczerzick. In 1900, she was with her parents in Brooklyn, New York. I believe she lived in that borough of the city for most of her life. In 1911, she met a German businessman named Clement Schwinges in New York. After just a three-week courtship, they were married on December 6, 1911, in Brooklyn. He was in business in the Philippines at the time. Tessida lived with him in Manila in 1913, probably before that, too. He came to America for good in June 1913, accompanied by his wife.

Clement Schwinges (1871-1934) was born in Aachen, Germany and studied at Heidelberg University and economics at the University of Bonn. He was a traveler and businessman before coming to America. He worked in the lumber business in Santo Domingo and Brazil. He was also involved in the rubber business during his career, and he wrote articles on rubber and other economic issues. His greatest success was as a manufacturer of mother-of-pearl buttons in the Philippines. In 1920, he was manager of a law office in Brooklyn. Later that decade, he took up the cause of middle-aged workers. Calling himself "Mr. Action," he advocated for those over forty in their search for work. (Schwinges was himself married at age forty.) He founded and was president of the Action Membership Corporation for just that cause. At Christmastime in 1933, he suffered a stroke and lingered in paralysis for several months. Schwinges died on April 21, 1934. His widow and her brother, Vincent Weczerzick, took over for him, but I don't think the Action Membership Corporation lasted for very long after that.

To be concluded . . .

Text copyright 2025 Terence E. Hanley

Laura O. Tuck (1901-1952)

Teacher, Newspaper Columnist, Amateur Singer, Violinist, & Stage Actress, Housewife & Mother, Factory Worker

Born October 14, 1901, Lincoln, Nebraska
Died April 25, 1952, Los Angeles city or county, California

Laura Opal Tuck was born on October 14, 1901, in Lincoln, Nebraska, to William Henry Tuck, a veterinarian, and Catherine (Cresse) Tuck. Laura O. Tuck attended schools in Seward, Sutton, and Weeping Water, Nebraska. She graduated from Weeping Water High School in May 1921, but not before playing on the girl's basketball team, acting in her class play, and reporting on school news for the Weeping Water Republican. She attended summer school at the Nebraska State Normal School, now Peru State College, in Peru, Nebraska, and began teaching primary school in 1921. Laura taught in Comstock and Walton, also near Murdock and Greenwood, all in eastern Nebraska. In 1927, she married Oria Elroy Spelman in Lancaster County, Nebraska. He was an automobile mechanic and carpenter. The couple were in California by 1930 or 1931. They had three children together, one of whom died at birth.

Laura was an amateur singer, violinist, and stage actress. She performed in her class play at Weeping Water High School and in a play called "Neighbors" at Chadderdon's Hall, Weeping Water, on July 27 and 28, 1922. Her travels and activities were well documented in her hometown paper. Her young life must have been an exciting one. There were hazards, too, a quarantine for smallpox, travel by car and train through the aftermath of a blizzard in order to reach the schoolhouse. An online photograph of her shows a pretty young woman with a mass of dark hair. I have a feeling she was well loved in her hometown.

Laura O. Tuck wrote a single letter published in Weird Tales. It appeared in September 1925, one hundred years ago this month:

Laura O. Tuck, of Weeping Water, Nebraska, writes: "I would suggest that you reprint some of Francis Marion Crawford's stories, for instance Man Overboard, The Upper Berth and The Screaming Skull. By pure accident I ran across WEIRD TALES last January: it is just what I have been looking for for years. I have looked in vain for this [sic] kind of stories in other magazines and digging in odd corners of libraries, but now I know just where to go to get 'my' kind of stories. Please let us have more stories like The Lure of Atlantis [by Joel Martin Nichols] (in last April's WEIRD TALES), which is my favorite of all the stories I have read so far." [Boldface added.]

We can only imagine the lives of those who came before us, of people who lived in places far-flung from the big cities of the East and Midwest. Weeping Water is still like a tiny island in a sea of farm fields. In letters sent to "The Eyrie," we can read about the joy and pleasure of these people at discovering and reading Weird Tales. We can imagine what it must have been like for them finally to find what Laura O. Tuck called "'my' kind of stories."

Laura Spelman went far from her home in the late 1920s or early 1930s. In later years, she worked in a pottery factory in California. I think she deserved better than what she got in life, but then that's so very often true on this earth, in this vale of tears. She died young, too young, on April 25, 1952, in Los Angeles city or county.

Laura O. Tuck's Letter in Weird Tales

• September 1925

(By the way, the name Weeping Water echoes ideas I wrote about recently about the pseudonymous author Adrian Pordelorrar. Strange coincidence.)

Original text copyright 2025 Terence E. Hanley 

George T. Spillman (1909-1964)

Author, Telegrapher, Newspaper Writer & Editor, Champion Bridge Player
Born June 15, 1909, Vendor, Arkansas
Died February 11, 1964, at home, Shadyside, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

George Thornfern Spillman was born on June 15, 1909, to John J. Spillman, a schoolteacher, and Julia Maude (Davis) Spillman, a housewife. He had two brothers, Jerome Spillman and James Spillman, and a sister, Julia Spillman, later Julia Herndon. 

George T. Spillman wrote to Weird Tales as a fifteen-year-old in 1925. His letter was published in the August 1925 issue, one hundred years ago last month. He followed that up with a short story, "Retribution," published in December 1925, and a second letter published in January 1925. Those are his lone credits listed in either The FictionMags Index or the Internet Speculative Fiction Database.

Spillman graduated from Roosevelt High School in Kent, Ohio, and attended Brown University. He worked as a telegrapher for Western Union from 1926 to 1952. In 1952, he went to work for the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. He was employed there for twelve years, 1952 to 1964, as a copy editor and makeup editor. He also wrote articles on bridge for the Post-Gazette and was recognized as one of the best bridge players in Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh area. In 1955, he achieved the rank of Life Master in the American Contract Bridge League. His career was interrupted by service in the U.S. Army Signal Corps. He enlisted on June 21, 1941, as a private and was stationed at Camp Warrenton, Virginia. He served two years in East Africa and was discharged in 1946 as a captain.

Here is an excerpt from "The Eyrie" from August 1925:

George T. Spillman, of Kent, Ohio, put WEIRD TALES to practical use recently. He is fifteen years old and a senior in high school. "Last week I gave a talk on reincarnation before my classes which astounded the entire high school," he writes. "Ha! most of my information for that talk was gleaned from your story, Under the N-Ray, by Will Smith and R. J. Robbins. That's the kind of story I like; let's have more of them. Your page of contents is a veritable Hall of Fame. I have read nearly every magazine on the market, but none is half as high in my esteem as WEIRD TALES, not only because I am a lover of the bizarre, but also for the masterly style the authors employ in the stories you choose. It is not only the most interesting pastime I can imagine, but it is also an education to read your magazine. Many of the authors whose names you are displaying will go down the pages of literary history on a par with Poe. Your ghost stories and your werewolves are so convincing that I almost think I believe in both." [Boldface added.]

"Retribution" is a very brief tale; the table of contents in that December 1925 issue calls it a "two-minute tale." It ends in suicide.

Spillman wrote his first letter from Kent, Ohio. His second came from Providence, Rhode Island. He was only fifteen years old and a senior in high school when he wrote his first. The second must have come after he had matriculated at Brown University. H.P. Lovecraft lived in New York City in 1925-1926; I guess that means Spillman missed being in close proximity to Lovecraft during his brief tenure at the university. In 1926, he went to work as a telegraph operator, though I don't know where. It's nice to think that Spillman and Lovecraft met somehow, but maybe it never happened.

George T. Spillman died at home, in the Shadyside neighborhood of Pittsburgh, on February 11, 1964. His cause of death was barbiturate poisoning: he had overdosed on Tuinal. A sad end. Spillman was buried at Forest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Boardman Township, Mahoning County, Ohio.

George T. Spillman's Story & Letters in Weird Tales
Letter to "The Eyrie" (Aug. 1925) 
"Retribution" (Dec. 1925)
Letter to "The Eyrie" (Jan. 1926)

 

Further Reading 

"Bridge Expert, Newsman Dies Here" in the Pittsburgh Press, February 12, 1964, page 33.
"G.T. Spillman, P-G Makeup Editor, Dies" in the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, Feb. 12, 1964, page 6.

 

Original text copyright 2025 Terence E. Hanley

Alice I. Fuller (1870-1928) (George Fuller, too)

Alice Irene (Webb) Fuller, aka Alice I. Clark, Mrs. George H. Fuller
Author, Poet, Housewife & Mother
Born May 11, 1870, Hardin County, Ohio
Died November 30, 1928, Loxley, Alabama

Alice I. Fuller had one story in Weird Tales. She was also the mother of a man who had one story in the magazine. And we shouldn't rule out that a third story came from the Fuller family, this one with the byline of a man named George Fuller. That was also the name of Alice's husband. I'm beginning to think that Howard Elsmere Fuller wrote all three stories and submitted them to "The Unique Magazine," first under his parents' names, then under his own. We shouldn't take anything away from Alice I. Fuller, though, for she is known to have written for popular magazines of her day.

Alice Irene Webb was born on May 11, 1870, in Hardin County, Ohio, to Jesse and Virginia Webb. She was orphaned as a child and at age six was taken into the home of John W. Clark and Mary Ann (Webber) Clark of Powell, Ohio. Apparently they did not adopt her but only kept her as a foster child. Nonetheless, she used their last name and was known as Alice I. Clark at the time of her wedding.

Alice worked in the office of W.S. Burkhart in Cincinnati for two years. He was a manufacturer and seller of patent medicines, his vegetable compound advertised as "the greatest blood purifier ever discovered." On October 20, 1891, she married George Henry Fuller (1863-1944) in Delaware County, Ohio. They had two sons, Clarence Clark Fuller (1893-1980) and Howard Elsmere Fuller (1895-1985). In 1908, the Fuller family moved to Loxley, Alabama. There was a family connection in that place, for Alice's foster mother, Mary Ann (Webber) Clark, was the sister of Arms Royal Webber (1838-1923), a man of Loxley.

Alice I. Fuller was a wife and a mother, but according to her obituary "found time to write articles which were readily accepted by the popular magazines." (Source: "Mrs. George H. Fuller," in The Onlooker, Foley, Alabama, Dec. 6, 1928, p. 2.) Unfortunately, that source doesn't give any examples of "the popular magazines," and The FictionMags Index lists nothing by her except for her lone story in Weird Tales. That story was "The Tomb Dweller" in the February 1925 issue. It was preceded by a story called "Yellow and White" (Mar. 1924) by an author named George Fuller and followed by her younger son's story "Wolfgang Fex, Criminal" (Aug. 1925).

Alice Irene Fuller was invalided for more than a year at the end of her life. She died too young, at age fifty-eight, on November 30, 1928, in Loxley, Alabama. She was buried at Greenwood Cemetery in her hometown.

Alice I. Fuller's Story in Weird Tales 
"The Tomb Dweller" (Feb. 1925)

 

Further Reading
Obituary, The Onlooker (Foley, Alabama), December 6, 1928, page 2.

-----

 

George Henry Fuller
Born October 15, 1863, Franklin County, Ohio
Died August 30, 1944, Loxley, Alabama
Buried at Greenwood Cemetery, Loxley, Alabama

There was a story called "Yellow and White" by a George Fuller in the March 1924 issue of Weird Tales. I can't say that this George Fuller was the same George Fuller who was married to Alice I. Fuller, but it's an interesting speculation that he was. And if he was, maybe the story was actually hers and she submitted it using his name. Or maybe as I wrote above, their son was the true author of the George Fuller story. But as in the case of the great question of how many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop, the world may never know.

----- 

The Fullers' elder son was Clarence Clark Fuller (1893-1980). He graduated from Ohio State University and was an engineer, inventor of automobile accessories, and radio technician. In 1922, he married Adele Irene Mahler. I wrote the other day that the Fullers seem not to have been involved in the utopian community at nearby Fairhope, Alabama. But in 1936, Fuller submitted to The Onlooker his "Fuller Plan" regarding taxation. Fairhope was founded on principles laid out by Henry George (1839-1897) in his single-tax scheme. I have read about the single tax and still don't understand it. I can't say whether the "Fuller Plan" had anything to do with George's ideas. By the way, in 1922, Clarence C. Fuller and his wife were guided through Kentucky caves by Floyd Collins (1887-1925), who later died while being trapped in a cave. There was a media circus around Collins' predicament. In 1951, Paramount Pictures released a movie, The Big Carnival (aka Ace in the Hole), based on the event. It was directed by Billy Wilder and starred Kirk Douglas. Another by the way: "The Tomb-Dweller" is about a man who gets trapped in a tomb. The story appeared in Weird Tales in February 1925, the same month in which Collins died.

Original text copyright 2025 Terence E. Hanley 

Howard Elsmere Fuller (1895-1985)

Author, Poet, Rural Letter Carrier
Born March 30, 1895, Worthington, Ohio
Died July 19, 1985, Baldwin County, Alabama

Howard Elsmere Fuller is a pretty easy case. I found him pretty quickly but only after finding his mother, Alice I. Fuller. As it turns out, she contributed to Weird Tales, too. And maybe her husband got in on the action as well, though I can't say that for sure. Or if the story by George Fuller came from the Fuller family, maybe it was Alice or Howard who was behind it. Or maybe Howard was behind all three Fuller stories. But then his mother was a writer for magazines, too. Anyway, I'll write first about Howard Elsmere Fuller, who contributed to the August 1925 issue of Weird Tales, one hundred years ago last month. (I'm catching up.)

Howard Elsmere Fuller was born on March 30, 1895, in Worthington, Ohio, to George Henry Fuller (1863-1944) and Alice Irene (Webb) Fuller, also known as Alice I. Clark (1870-1928). (She had lived with foster parents when she was young, thus the two different last names.) Fuller had one older brother, Clarence Clark Fuller (1893-1980). He was an engineer and inventor. I had a close call when I looked up a possible relationship of the Fuller family to Curtis G. Fuller (1912-1991), editor of Fate magazine. That Fuller's father was also named Clarence C. Fuller, but he was a different Clarence and apparently no relation at all.

The Fuller family moved to Loxley, Alabama, in 1908. Although Loxley is close to the utopian community of Fairhope, I didn't get any sense that the Fullers were utopian in their views. As we have seen, tellers of weird tales very often had an affinity for utopian and other fringe beliefs. I have written about Fairhope before. Volney George Mathison (1897-1965) lived there as a child. Ethel Morgan-Dunham (1880-1960) was buried at Fairhope. She, too, lived in Loxley, and now I wonder if she and the Fullers could have known each other. 

Howard E. Fuller served in the U.S. military from August 27, 1918, to December 24, 1918, beginning at Camp Pike in Little Rock, Arkansas. I don't know in which branch he served, but I'll assume it was in the army. The war ended less than three months after he joined. Being discharged on Christmas Eve in 1918 must have been a welcome gift to him and his family.

Fuller worked as a rural letter carrier, apparently for all of his working life. His writing was on the side. He had one story in Weird Tales, "Wolfgang Fex, Criminal" (Aug. 1925). He also had a letter published in "The Eyrie," in May 1925. He traveled to various places in the United States and went to the New York World's Fair in June 1939. The 1st World Science Fiction Convention was held a month later, from July 2 to July 4, 1939. Maybe Fuller was too early to meet any of its attendees.

An item from The Onlooker of Foley, Alabama, July 16, 1925. The newspaper botched Fuller's title and misspelled the word weird, but at least it was something.

 

Fuller was a member of the National Amateur Press Association (NAPA). In November 1953, he had a book of his poems published, Excursions in Arcady. A better claim to fame was his authorship of a poem, "To Edgar Allan Poe," published in Contemporary American Poets, edited by Horace C. Baker (Boston, 1928). I have these four lines from the website of the Edgar Allan Poe Society of Baltimore:

With a haunting, dreamy sadness
Is bared the crytic [sic] soul;
With a rhythmic rune of madness.
Thy melancholy soul.

You can read the whole poem on a website called Poetry Explorer by clicking here. 

Howard Elsmere Fuller died on July 19, 1985, in Baldwin County, Alabama, at age ninety. He was buried at Greenwood Cemetery in Loxley like his parents before him.

Howard Elsmere Fuller's Letter & Story in Weird Tales
Letter to "The Eyrie" (May 1925)
"Wolfgang Fex, Criminal" (Aug. 1925)

Further Reading
Only a few newspaper items, plus his poem, "To Edgar Allan Poe."

Next: Alice I. Fuller

Text copyright 2025 Terence E. Hanley

Spear and Fang

100 Years of Robert E. Howard in Weird Tales

No discussion of the July 1925 issue of Weird Tales would be complete without mentioning "Spear and Fang," the first story by Robert E. Howard published in "The Unique Magazine."

Howard was nineteen and a half years old when "Spear and Fang" was published. Because my books are in storage, I will have to rely on online sources of information on Howard and his career to write this. Those sources indicate that "Spear and Fang" was not Howard's first published story but suggest that it was his first professional sale. According to one source, which is always suspect, even on the most well-documented of facts, Howard submitted "Spear and Fang" to Weird Tales in 1924, when he was just eighteen. The new editor of the magazine, Farnsworth Wright, accepted it and informed Howard as much at Thanksgiving time in 1924. I wonder if that means that Howard submitted his story while Weird Tales was still in hiatus, from about June or July to November 1924. If so, that would make for the most serendipitous of developments for Howard, Wright, and Weird Tales, all three, for the then teen-aged author would prove to be one of the most popular and prolific of those who contributed to a magazine that had almost disappeared in 1924. For his efforts, Howard was paid $16, a nice sum for a beginning pulp author of the 1920s.

"Spear and Fang" is a caveman story, though not the first to appear in Weird Tales. That honor goes to R.T.M. Scott and his "Nimba the Cave Girl" from March 1923. It's not very long, five printed pages in all, but it tells a complete story, essentially of a love triangle, if you can call it that, or the eternal triangle, and the rescuing of a damsel in distress.

"Spear and Fang" is, on its surface, a conventional story, but I noticed some things in my reading of it that I think are worth writing about. First, Howard was well known in his later writings for his identification with barbarians and what some people would call savages. That isn't the case with "Spear and Fang," for the hero is a more advanced Cro-Magnon man, while the villain is a primitive, even bestial, Neanderthal man. It's clear that the Cro-Magnon man, called Ga-Nor, is more civilized. He is, after all, an artist. (More on that in a minute.) He is the man of the future. Both he and A-aea, the woman he rescues, are referred to as "mark[s] of progress." The Neanderthal man, on the other hand, is the man of the past. His days are numbered, even if he still has the power to terrify his enemies. It seems to me that at age eighteen Howard still believed in the idea of progress. This was, after all, a progressive era, even if that era was nearing its end and even if Calvin Coolidge, a conservative, was then president. We should remember, too, that, even if weird fiction is at its heart a conservative or anti-progressive genre, Weird Tales was co-founded by a man, J.C. Henneberger, who had worked for a progressive and prohibitionist newspaper. I would guess that many of the magazine's authors held progressive views, too, including unsavory ones such as eugenics.

Second, there is a racial aspect in "Spear and Fang," though not in the way people now talk about race. The idea expressed in Howard's story seems older and broader, maybe more like an old Anglo-Saxon or even biblical view, expressed pretty well in this sentence:

     Both the girl and the youth were perfect specimens of the great Cro-Magnon race which came from no man knows where and announced and enforced their supremacy over beast and beast-man.

Just as we shouldn't interpret "race" in our contemporary terms, we also shouldn't interpret "supremacy" in those terms. I wonder if Howard thought of the original Cro-Magnon men as being racially pure and that only afterwards was there some kind of degradation or descent: in our pre-civilized state, we were "perfect," or at least near perfection, and only later did decadence set in. I wonder if ideas like those were related in any way to the ideas of Friedrich Nietzsche. Maybe those of Jean-Jacques Rousseau are at work here, too.

Third, Howard probably catches a lot of flak now for his depictions of women. I don't have anything to say about that. I'll just point out that, although A-aea needs rescuing, she is not a passive character. In fact, she risks disapproval and punishment for going after what she wants, which is to draw the attention of Ga-Nor, the man she loves.

Finally, Ga-Nor, like I said, is an artist, even if he is tall and well built. (That's not a knock at artists. I'm one after all.) I take him to be a stand-in for the author of the story. He seems oblivious to A-aea at first. He's more caught up in his creation of a cave painting. But when she needs rescuing, he's there, and he succeeds where his taller and stronger rival, the reckless, cruel, and proud Ka-nanu, fails. Call it a revenge of the nerds and the fantasy of creative, gentle, or less than adept men when it comes to winning the hearts of beautiful women. This is what so much pulp fiction is about.

Although "Spear and Fang" was written by a teen-aged author (before teenager was a word), it shows some unusual depth and complexity, I think, and is more than a mere tale. It shows that there were larger things behind Howard's writing, larger than just a desire to tell a story or to earn some income. Howard seems to have begun forming a worldview and a foundation for his later writings. And he was just seven years away from "Worms of the Earth" (Weird Tales, Nov. 1932), which can be called one of his masterpieces, if there is such a thing as a masterpiece in pulp fiction.

Original text copyright 2025 Terence E. Hanley